NCERT solution class 11 chapter 10 Straight Lines exercise 10.1 mathematics ~ evidya

EXERCISE 10.1

Page No 211:

Question 1:

Draw a quadrilateral in the Cartesian plane, whose vertices are (–4, 5), (0, 7), (5, –5) and (–4, –2). Also, find its area.

Answer:

Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral with vertices A (–4, 5), B (0, 7), C (5, –5), and D (–4, –2).
Then, by plotting A, B, C, and D on the Cartesian plane and joining AB, BC, CD, and DA, the given quadrilateral can be drawn as

To find the area of quadrilateral ABCD, we draw one diagonal, say AC.
Accordingly, area (ABCD) = area (ΔABC) + area (ΔACD)
We know that the area of a triangle whose vertices are (x₁, y₁), (x₂, y₂), and (x₃, y₃) is

Therefore, area of ΔABC

Area of ΔACD

Thus, area (ABCD)

Question 2:

The base of an equilateral triangle with side 2a lies along they y-axis such that the mid point of the base is at the origin. Find vertices of the triangle.

Answer:

Let ABC be the given equilateral triangle with side 2a.
Accordingly, AB = BC = CA = 2a
Assume that base BC lies along the y-axis such that the mid-point of BC is at the origin.
i.e., BO = OC = a, where O is the origin.
Now, it is clear that the coordinates of point C are (0, a), while the coordinates of point B are (0, â€“a).
It is known that the line joining a vertex of an equilateral triangle with the mid-point of its opposite side is perpendicular.
Hence, vertex A lies on the y-axis.

On applying Pythagoras theorem to Î”AOC, we obtain
(AC)² = (OA)² + (OC)²
â‡’ (2a)² = (OA)² + a²
â‡’ 4a² â€“ a² = (OA)²
â‡’ (OA)² = 3a²
â‡’ OA =

âˆ´Coordinates of point A =

Thus, the vertices of the given equilateral triangle are (0, a), (0, â€“a), and

or (0, a), (0, â€“a), and

Question 3:

Find the distance between

and

when: (i) PQ is parallel to the y-axis, (ii) PQ is parallel to the x-axis.

Answer:

The given points are

and

.
(i) When PQ is parallel to the y-axis, x₁ = x₂.
In this case, distance between P and Q

(ii) When PQ is parallel to the x-axis, y₁ = y₂.
In this case, distance between P and Q

Question 4:

Find a point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4).

Answer:

Let (a, 0) be the point on the x axis that is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4).

On squaring both sides, we obtain
a² – 14a + 85 = a² – 6a + 25
⇒ –14a + 6a = 25 – 85
⇒ –8a = –60

Thus, the required point on the x-axis is

Question 5:

Find the slope of a line, which passes through the origin, and the mid-point of
the line segment joining the points P (0, –4) and B (8, 0).

Answer:

The coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
P (0, –4) and B (8, 0) are

It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is given by

.
Therefore, the slope of the line passing through (0, 0) and (4, –2) is

.
Hence, the required slope of the line is

Page No 212:

Question 6:

Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4), (3, 5) and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

Answer:

The vertices of the given triangle are A (4, 4), B (3, 5), and C (–1, –1).
It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is given by

.
∴Slope of AB (m₁)

Slope of BC (m₂)

Slope of CA (m₃)

It is observed that m₁m₃ = –1
This shows that line segments AB and CA are perpendicular to each other
i.e., the given triangle is right-angled at A (4, 4).
Thus, the points (4, 4), (3, 5), and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.

Question 7:

Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of y-axis measured anticlockwise.

Answer:

If a line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the y-axis measured anticlockwise, then the angle made by the line with the positive direction of the x-axis measured anticlockwise is 90° + 30° = 120°.

Thus, the slope of the given line is tan 120° = tan (180° – 60°) = –tan 60°

Question 8:

Find the value of x for which the points (x, –1), (2, 1) and (4, 5) are collinear.

Answer:

If points A (x, –1), B (2, 1), and C (4, 5) are collinear, then
Slope of AB = Slope of BC

Thus, the required value of x is 1.

Question 9:

Without using distance formula, show that points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and
(–3, 2) are vertices of a parallelogram.

Answer:

Let points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) be respectively denoted by A, B, C, and D.

Slope of AB

Slope of CD =

⇒ Slope of AB = Slope of CD
⇒ AB and CD are parallel to each other.
Now, slope of BC =

Slope of AD =

⇒ Slope of BC = Slope of AD
⇒ BC and AD are parallel to each other.
Therefore, both pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are parallel. Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Thus, points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Question 10:

Find the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2).

Answer:

The slope of the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2) is

Now, the inclination (θ ) of the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, – 2) is given by
tan θ= –1
⇒ θ = (90° + 45°) = 135°
Thus, the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2) is 135°.